This paper will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of qualitative and quantitative research approaches and methods, evaluating their usefulness as well as any ethical considerations in relation to problem-solving instruction in science education curriculum with indication of sample. A two-factor ANOVA was used to answer the first research question: Is there is a statistically significant difference between students’ grades in online classes and traditional face-to-face classes? Results showed no significant difference between the grades of online and face-to-face students. Chi-square analysis was used for ResearchFile Size: KB QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH PROPOSAL 1 Sample of the Quantitative Research Proposal In the following pages, you will find a sample of the full BGS research proposal with each section or chapter as it might look in a completed research paper beginning with the title page and working through each chapter and section of the research blogger.com Size: KB
Sample Of The Quantitative Research Paper - blogger.com
Posted by Rene Tetzner Sep 4, How To Get Published 0. The reported research observes the behaviour of restaurant customers, and example paragraphs are combined with instructions for logical argumentation. Authors are encouraged to observe a traditional structure for organising quantitative research papers, to formulate research questions, working hypotheses and investigative tools, to report results accurately and thoroughly, quantitative research paper sample pdf, and to present thoughtful interpretation and logical discussion of evidence.
The structure of the example and the nature of its contents follow the recommendations of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. Content has been kept as simple as possible to focus attention on the way in which the paper presents the research process and its results.
As is the case in many research projects, the more the author learns and thinks about the topic, the more complex the issues become, and here the researcher discusses a hypothesis that proved incorrect. An APA research paper would normally include additional elements such as an abstract, keywords and perhaps tables, quantitative research paper sample pdf, figures and appendices similar to those referred to in the example.
These elements have been eliminated for brevity here, so do be sure to check the APA Manual or any other guidelines you are following for the necessary instructions. Quaintville, located just off the main highway only five miles from the university campus, may normally be a sleepy community, but recent plans to close the only fast-food restaurant ever to grace its main street have been met with something of a public outcry.
Following this opening a brief introduction to published scholarship and other issues associated with the problem would be appropriate, so here the researcher might add a paragraph or two discussing:.
This could be enhanced with evidence that when such choices are available, they are rare purchases for many families Parkson,particularly in small towns and rural areas Shemble, Explaining how the current research is related to the published scholarship as well as the specific problem is vital. Research questions and hypotheses should be constructed to articulate and explore that idea.
Research questions, for instance, could be developed from that claim in the Quaintville Times as well as from the published scholarship:. Working hypotheses can be constructed by anticipating answers to these questions.
The exact wording of your questions and hypotheses will ultimately depend on your focus and aims, but certain terms, concepts and categories may require definition to ensure precision in communicating your ideas to readers.
A general statement about your understanding of how the current research will explore the problem, answer your questions and test your hypotheses is usually required as well, setting the stage for the more detailed Method section that follows. Method Whether a brief general statement or a longer explanation of how the research will proceed appears among your introductory material, it is in the Method section that you should report exactly what you did to conduct your investigation, explain the conditions and controls you applied to increase the reliability and value of your research, and reveal any difficulties you encountered.
For example:. From there I could see the customers both at the service counter and at their tables, but they could not see me, at least not clearly, and if they did, they paid me no more attention than they did the restaurant employees. A Method section often features subheadings to separate and present particularly important aspects of the research methodology, quantitative research paper sample pdf, such as the Customer Fact Sheet developed and used by the author of this study.
I therefore prepared a Customer Fact Sheet included as Appendix I at the end of this paper for gathering key pieces of information and recording observations about each individual, couple or group who purchased food or beverages.
This sheet ensured that vital details such as date, weather conditions, time of arrival, eat in or take out order, number in party, approximate age of individuals, food purchased, food consumed, healthy choices, amount spent, who paid, dessert or extra beverage, children playing, interaction with other children and families, time of departure and other important details were recorded in every case.
The Customer Fact Sheet proved particularly helpful when my classmate performed observations for me and was invaluable for evaluating the data I collected. I initially hoped to complete at least of these Customer Fact Sheets and was pleased to increase that number by for a total of or an average of just over 10 per day over the 59 days of the study.
Be sure also to include in your description of methods any additional approaches or sources of information that should be considered part of your research procedures, such as:. Results The Results section is where you report what you discovered during your research, including the findings that do not support your hypothesis or hypotheses as well as those that do. Returning to your research questions to indicate exactly how the data you gathered answers them is an excellent way to stay focused and enable the selectivity that may be necessary to meet length requirements or maintain a clear line of argumentation.
The results of my investigation were both surprising and more complex than I had anticipated. The report of results might then continue by providing information about other categories of customer, what different types of customers ate and did, and any additional results that help answer the quantitative research paper sample pdf research questions posed in the introductory paragraphs.
Major trends revealed by the data quantitative research paper sample pdf be reported, and both content and writing style should be clear and factual. Interpretation and discussion are best saved for the Discussion section except in those rare instances when guidelines indicate that research results and discussion should be combined in a single section. Although you will need to inform readers about any mathematical or statistical analysis of your raw data if you have not already done so in the Method section, the raw data itself is usually not appropriate for a short research paper.
Discussion The Discussion section of a quantitative paper is where you interpret your research results and discuss their implications. Here the hypotheses as well as the research questions established in the introductory material are important.
Were your primary suppositions confirmed by your results or not? Be precise and concise as you discuss your findings, but keep in mind that matters need not be quite as black and white or as strictly factual as they were in the Results section. Your ideas and argument should be soundly based on the data you collected, of course, but the Discussion is the place for describing complexities and expressing uncertainties as well as offering interpretations and explanations.
In fact, individuals are the most frequent customers, with groups of teenagers running a close second. These teenagers are often quantitative research paper sample pdf the restaurant when families are and they sometimes sit on the indoor toys instead of at the plastic tables and chairs, which I can confirm as extremely uncomfortable.
On a few occasions the presence of teenagers appeared to intimidate the children and prevent them from playing on the facilities intended for them. The few parents who make healthy choices for themselves and their children often do not insist upon the children eating those items, adding waste of both food and money to the problem.
A3 is revealed as more sentiment than fact. The discussion could then continue with information about the customers, behaviours and other issues that render the findings more complex and the restaurant more valuable to the community than the primary results noted above may indicate:. Do they usually remain alone or do they meet up with others to linger and talk over coffee or lunch? In towns without recreation centres or other facilities for teens, restaurants with informal, open-door policies can be vital.
Those single fathers are certainly worthy of some attention, for instance, and perhaps family groups occasionally met up with other families, ate together and then lingered for dessert and talk as their children enjoyed the toys. This would be worth discussing too, quantitative research paper sample pdf.
Remember as you analyse your data, reflect on your findings, determine their meaning and develop your argument that it is important to keep the limitations of your methodology and thus of your results and their implications clearly in mind. Finally, the last part of a Discussion usually provides concluding comments, so summarising your key points and clearly articulating the main messages you want your readers to take away with them are essential.
In some organisational templates, Conclusions are offered in a separate final section of the paper instead of at the end of the Discussion, so always check the guidelines. References These references follow APA style, but since special fonts may not display properly in all online situations, quantitative research paper sample pdf, please quantitative research paper sample pdf that the titles of books and the names and volume numbers of journals are and should be in italic font.
The list represents a sample only; a paper the length of the one posited in this example would quantitative research paper sample pdf certainly mention, quantitative research paper sample pdf, discuss and list more than half a dozen studies and sources. Chapton, D. Will Quaintville lose its favourite family restaurant?
Quaintville Timespp. A1, A3. Local dive sees last days, quantitative research paper sample pdf. Quaintville Community Newsletterpp. Shemble, M. Is anyone really quantitative research paper sample pdf healthy fast food in rural towns? Shunts, P. The true cost of high-fat fast food for low-income families. Parkson, L. Family diets, fast foods and unhealthy choices. Jones eds. Philadelphia, PA: The Family Press.
Whinner, N. Healthy families take time: The impact of fatty fast foods quantitative research paper sample pdf child health. Journal editing and proofreading services. Scientific editing services for publication success. Grant editing and proofreading services. Example of a Quantitative Research Paper Posted by Rene Tetzner Sep 4, How To Get Published 0. Name Email Subscribe. Tuesday and Thursday afternoons are therefore underrepresented, and observations from pm to pm on two consecutive Tuesdays 6 and 13 February are the work of my classmate, Jake Jenkins.
Without his assistance, I could not have met my objective of gathering observations for every opening hour of the week at least twice Table 2 outlines the overall pattern of observation sessions, quantitative research paper sample pdf.
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How to Write RRL - Quantitative Research - IMRAD Part 3
, time: 26:07Example of a Quantitative Research Paper - blogger.com
A quantitative research paper with that title might start with a paragraph like this: Quaintville, located just off the main highway only five miles from the university campus, may normally be a sleepy community, but recent plans to close the only fast-food restaurant ever to grace its main street have been met with something of a public outcry A Sample Quantitative Research Proposal Written in the APA 6th Style [Note: This sample proposal is based on a composite of past proposals, simulated information and references, and material I’ve included for illustration purposes – it is based roughly on aFile Size: KB Sebring et al. () found, “Our own and others’ research convinced us that to achieve and sustain significant advances in instruction, leadership practice had to develop towards a model of distributed leadership” (p. 2). The authors referenced research conducted by the Consortium on Chicago School Research
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